It seems like there are a lot of pregnant women nowadays who are already in danger of the effects of periodontal disease. There is a need for proper dental care especially during pregnancy because of the specific risks of the disease the pregnant woman is subjected to.

Periodontal disease commences as a mild form of gum disease called gingivitis. This is the inflammation of the soft tissues that supports and holds the teeth in place. The inflammation is caused by bacteria that thrive and multiply in the mouth fast. During pregnancy, the elevated hormone levels boost the volume of blood and the fragility of the capillary hence, giving rise for the bacteria to increase sensitivity, redness, pain, and bleeding. When these are neglected or taken for granted, these conditions can predispose the pregnant woman to more serious problems ahead.

When left untreated, the inflammation can lead to the formation of pockets around the teeth. Inside the spaces or pockets, deep infections can occur and as the pregnancy develops, the deepness of the pockets tends to become enhanced also. These pockets are the causes of the separation of the teeth from the gums. The separation of the teeth from its surrounding structure as well as the support of the teeth will lead to its loss.

Periodontal disease is associated with poor results of the outcome of pregnancy. The bacteria coming from the infection of the mouth enter the bloodstream and will eventually reach the placental membranes. This will cause inflammation and damage that will result in labor or preeclampsia. The factors that cause the inflammation will increase and stimulate the uterus to contract causing the induction of labor. The increase in antibodies has also been found to contain some of these bacteria from the mouth which is attributed to the high incidence of low birth weight in infants and preterm birth.

After the pregnancy, constant exposure to the bacteria in the mouth that causes the inflammation may increase the risk of the individual to different systemic diseases like stroke, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and atherosclerosis as compared to the general population. When kids are exposed to the factors causing the inflammation, they are also prone to diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life. Diseases related to the inflammation also include Alzheimer’s and Crohn's disease when they become adults.

Periodontal disease can be cured and treatment may not only help save your teeth and gums but will support the prevention of natal morbidity and mortality. Treating periodontal disease during pregnancy is effective and safe, may prevent ugly appearance and symptoms, and avoid the need for costly treatment and potential loss of teeth later on.